透明硬脆材料由于其优异的力学性能、热稳定性、耐腐蚀性以及光电性能，广泛应用于半导体与电子领域。传统透明硬脆材料切片方法效率低、材料损耗大，制约了硬脆材料的推广应用。激光剥离技术是近年来新兴的一种透明硬脆材料切片新方法，较传统金刚线切割方法大幅提升硬脆材料的切片效率和材料利用率，目前已发展成为硬脆材料激光加工领域学术研究与产业应用的焦点。文中深入分析透明硬脆材料激光剥离物理过程，归纳激光剥离过程关键科学问题：透明硬脆材料对激光的非线性吸收、激光作用下材料内部微观结构演化与缺陷扩展规律，以及激光光场调控对材料改质影响机制等。基于这些科学问题，综述了近年来激光剥离不同类型透明硬脆材料的研究进展，目前用于激光剥离的材料已涵盖了SiC、Si、GaN、金刚石等半导体材料，蓝宝石、多晶Al₂O₃、氧化锆等陶瓷材料，激光剥离技术已发展出超快激光双脉冲诱导剥离、超快激光-化学辅助剥离、多激光复合剥离等。激光剥离物理过程是一个典型的激光-材料-热学-力学多学科交叉问题，尽管在实验结果方面获得了显著突破和迅猛发展，但目前对于工艺机理仍缺乏深入的理论与数值建模研究。未来透明硬脆材料激光剥离技术将会朝着百微米以下超薄厚度剥离、改质层低损伤、工艺自适应等方向发展，将为半导体与电子等领域快速发展提供更大的技术支撑。

In this work, we experimentally investigate the dependence of the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect on the seed linewidth of a high-power nanosecond superfluorescent fiber source (ns-SFS). The results reveal that the SRS in the ns-SFS amplifier is significantly influenced by the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the ns-SFS seed, and there is an optimal FWHM linewidth of 2 nm to achieve the lowest SRS in our case. The first-order SRS power ratio increases rapidly when the seed’s linewidth deviates from the optimal FWHM linewidth. By power scaling the ns-SFS seed with the optimal FWHM linewidth, a narrowband all-fiberized ns-SFS amplifier is achieved with a maximum average power of 602 W, pulse energy of 24.1 mJ and corresponding peak power of 422.5 kW. This is the highest average power and pulse energy achieved for all-fiberized ns-SFS amplifiers to the best of our knowledge.

Achieving an all-fiber ultra-fast system with above kW average power and mJ pulse energy is extremely challenging. This paper demonstrated a picosecond monolithic master oscillator power amplifier system at a 25 MHz repetition frequency with an average power of approximately 1.2 kW, a pulse energy of approximately 48 μJ and a peak power of approximately 0.45 MW. The nonlinear effects were suppressed by adopting a dispersion stretched seed pulse (with a narrow linewidth of 0.052 nm) and a multi-mode master amplifier with an extra-large mode area; then an ultimate narrow bandwidth of 1.32 nm and a moderately broadened pulse of approximately 107 ps were achieved. Meanwhile, the great spatio-temporal stability was verified experimentally, and no sign of transverse mode instability appeared even at the maximum output power. The system has shown great power and energy capability with a sacrificed beam propagation product of 5.28 mm $\cdot$ mrad. In addition, further scaling of the peak power and pulse energy can be achieved by employing a lower repetition and a conventional compressor.

文中介绍了千瓦级准连续全固态激光清洗样机研发的关键技术。激光清洗工程样机配合三维龙门运动平台形成激光清洗工业平台。简介针对钢轨表面除锈和飞机复合材料蒙皮除漆的激光清洗机制模型，从样品识别、过程监测、结果检测三方面介绍激光清洗监控方法。对60钢轨激光除锈和飞机铝制蒙皮光进行除漆，笔者课题组获得了激光清洗的最佳工艺参数，清洗效率指标通过专家测试。

掺镱全光纤纳秒脉冲激光器发展迅猛，已经为诸多领域开辟了新的道路，特别是高平均功率、大脉冲能量的纳秒脉冲光纤激光器在激光清洗等领域得到了广泛应用。多路光纤激光合束是实现高平均功率、大脉冲能量激光输出的主要手段，其结构复杂程度取决于单模块激光器的输出特性，提升单模块纳秒脉冲全光纤激光器输出特性对于激光清洗等领域具有重要意义。文中总结了单模块掺镱全光纤纳秒脉冲激光器的研究进展，分析了当前限制其功率和能量进一步提升的主要因素。首先，从主动调Q、被动调Q以及增益开关技术三个层面回顾了纳秒脉冲掺镱全光纤振荡器的研究进展；其次，从大脉冲能量、高平均功率、两者协同发展三个指标层面总结了纳秒脉冲掺镱全光纤放大器的研究现状；最后，从限制高指标掺镱全光纤激光器输出特性的因素出发，展望了其在未来功率和能量提升上的发展趋势。